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Crack(s) in foundation walls
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Settlement due to ground subsidence or shrinking/expansion of clay soils
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Insufficient depth of footings for ground conditions
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Poor quality concrete or insufficient concrete cover of the reinforcing steel resulting in corrosion of the reinforcing causing the concrete to crack
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Frost damage – water that gets into small cracks in concrete expands as it freezes, enlarging the cracks
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The wall has been undermined by basement excavations
Rust stains on concrete/concrete block foundation walls
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Poor quality concrete absorbing water that rusts the reinforcing, which in turns causes the concrete to spall or crack, allowing in more water
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The reinforcing was installed too close to the outer surface of the concrete
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The building is close to the sea and the concrete is of poorer quality
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The concrete is low strength
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Moisture is rising up from the ground
Rusting flashings and metal components
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Air-borne salt, dust or dirt accumulating under flashings and metal components
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Zinc (galvanizing) or aluminium/zinc or zinc/aluminiuim alloy coating has been scratched or eroded, exposing steel
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Acidic leachate from cedar or H4-treated timber (containing copper-based preservatives)
Rusty nail fixings on exterior walls
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Heads of fixings are not protected by putty where punched and stopped
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Incorrect fixing type used for environmental conditions, cladding type or finish
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Rust was not cleaned off fixings before re-stopping/repainting
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Inadequate paint finish to provide protection
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Acidic leachate from cedar or H4-treated timber (containing copper-based preservatives)
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Corrosion protection of fixings (such as zinc) was damaged during installation
Gap between bottom aluminium window flange and cladding sealed
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It was not installed correctly when constructed – the gap has been required under E2/AS1 for building work since 1992 to allow draining and drying around the window
Aluminium window flange is fitted tightly to direct-fixed cladding
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It was not installed correctly when constructed – E2/AS1 for building work since 1992 has required that the window is installed with a 5 mm gap between the back of the flange and the cladding – the gap can be sealed down each side (jamb) of the window and left open across the sill
Leaking through stucco
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Cracks in the cladding systems
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Paint or sealant failure
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No cap or saddle flashings at junctions of parapet and balcony walls
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Junctions with other claddings and/or roof poorly detailed/constructed
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Omission of head flashings to doors/windows
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Minimal jamb flange cover of aluminium windows
EIFS – leaking through cladding
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Cracks in the cladding systems
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Paint or sealant failure
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No cap or saddle flashings at junctions of parapet and balcony walls
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Junctions with other claddings and/or roof poorly detailed/constructed
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Omission of head flashings to doors/windows
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Minimal jamb flange cover of aluminium windows
Timber slat decks – rusty connectors/fixings/support brackets
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Exposure to air-borne salt, dust or dirt; trapped moisture and dirt
Steel deck beams – rusting
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Exposure to air-borne salt, dust or dirt; trapped moisture and dirt
Steel deck posts – rusting
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Inadequate corrosion treatment
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Severe sea spray/coastal environment
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Trapped moisture
Deck balusters/posts, balustrades and barriers – insecure when pressure is applied
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Rotten timber
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Fixings have pulled out or corroded
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The barrier structure is inadequate (undersized framing or framing support too far apart)
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Deck baluster/balustrade/post fixings are loose
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The baluster/balustrade/post fixings to the deck are inadequate
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Deck barrier does not meet with current Building Code requirements
