Bracing
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Rotten timber piles
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Untreated piles in older houses (such as totara or puriri)
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Damp subfloor space, lack of ventilation
Crumbling concrete piles
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Poor quality concrete
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The reinforcing is rusting
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Damp subfloor space, lack of ventilation
Piles sitting on the ground
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Previous building work is inadequate or very old
Brick piers with missing bricks, mortar
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Movement
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Piers are at the end of their serviceable life
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Rising damp
No lateral support (bracing) to piles
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Bracing was not installed (even if a house has been repiled) – typical in older houses
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Earthquake damage to existing bracing
Piled foundations – gap between pile and bearer
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Timber shrinkage due to use of green (wet) timber during construction
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Pile has rotted
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Pile has sunk into soft ground
Piled foundations – loose bolt fixings
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Timber shrinkage has occurred since the bolts were installed or the bolts were not tightened originally
Bearer and/or joist damage/deterioration
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Timber sizes are too small for the span/loading
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Untreated or inadequately treated timber
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Rotted timber
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Borer infestation in timber
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Excessive notching or drilling through the timber for pipes or wiring
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Floors have been overloaded
Borer in bearers/joists/bottom plates
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Untreated or inadequately treated timber
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Use of sap timber
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High subfloor moisture levels
Pole foundations – vibration of building in windy conditions
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Bolts and other connections are loose
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There is inadequate or insufficient bracing of poles
Structural steel – rusted beams and/or columns and/or fixings
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Exposure to air-borne salt, dust or dirt
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Inadequate corrosion protection for the environment/location
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Damage to hot-dip galvanising and paint coatings
Gate sagging
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Corroded fixings
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Rotted timber
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Brace installed the wrong direction