Adhesives
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Tiled deck or patio – loose tiles
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Incorrect adhesive used; poorly applied adhesive to tiles
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Substrate deflection
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Tiles may have been loose laid or supported on proprietary legs or supports
Wallpaper – roll edges lifting
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Internal moisture levels undermining the adhesion bond – typical in bathrooms
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Poorly applied pasted to edges
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Paper shrinkage
Asphalt shingles – lower edges (tabs) of shingles are lifting
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Wind has lifted the lower edges of shingles, particularly when the adhesive may have become soft in warm weather
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Tabs were not secure because the sealing strip did not line up with the adjacent shingle when they were installed
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Incorrectly nailed shingles, for example where nails were fixed through the sealing strip, limiting the effectiveness of the seal
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The self-adhesive strip failed to fully adhere during cold weather installation
Asphalt shingles – missing or damaged ridge shingles
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Wind has lifted the lower edges of shingles, particularly when the adhesive has become soft in warm weather
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Inadequate tab adhesion to the course below
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The self-adhesive strip failed to fully adhere during cold weather installation
Asphalt shingles – cupping and/or curling shingles
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Tabs were not secure because the sealing strip did not line up with the adjacent shingle when they were installed
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Incorrectly nailed shingles, for example where nails were fixed through the sealing strip, thereby limiting the effectiveness of the seal
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There has been moisture on the underside of the shingles due to high roof space moisture levels and inadequate roof space ventilation
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The shingles are at end of their serviceable life
Bubbles in sheet membrane roofing
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Poor adhesion of the membrane to the substrate
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Adhesive misses – the membrane is not fully adhered to the substrate
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Moisture from a damp substrate or roof framing is being drawn to and trapped by the membrane
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The framing and/or substrate moisture content was too high when the membrane was installed
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Moisture in living spaces below is getting into the roof space (typically via open downlights) and being drawn through the substrate where it is trapped by and accumulates under the membrane
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Subsequent coats of liquid-applied membrane are applied before preceding coats have cured
Delamination of sheet membrane roofing from substrate
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Incompatible membrane material was laid over substrate, such as rubber membrane over bitumen-impregnated membrane. The adhesives used in a rubber-based membrane are solvent-based and react with the oils in the asphalt, causing the membrane to separate from the asphalt
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Poor installation
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Subsequent coats of liquid-applied membrane were applied before preceding coats have cured
Sheet membrane roofing – lifting of sheet joints
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Loss of adhesion at the joint
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Substrate movement has caused damage to the membrane
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Water has got under the membrane causing a breakdown of the adhesive
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The joint is within an area where water ponds
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Adhesive failure at joints
Wallpaper bubbling
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Paper not fully pasted or too much paste applied
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Air bubbles not eased out during wallpapering
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Re-papering carried out over poorly fixed backing paper/old wallpaper
Tiles – cracking
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Building movement or impact damage
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No movement control (sealant) joints at junctions
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Voids in the adhesive (which makes tiles easier to damage)
Tiling around showers, baths – sign of water leaks
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Leaking in-wall plumbing fittings or pipework
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No waterproof membrane behind the tiles
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Damaged tiles or grout
Timber door – sticking
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The door frame is out of square due to building movement/settlement
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The door is too heavy for the number/size of hinges
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Glue and/or joint failure of timber frame or door frame joints